While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.

71% of the earth is covered by oceans, giving it the nickname 'Blue planet'. Ocean as allies → Arctic, Sahara, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian ocean Role of oceans in climate regulation: 1) Absorbs carbon → emission causing 30% of carbon 2) Carbon sequestration → act as a carbon sink → prevent release into others 3) Cooling effect → counter global warming 4) Biodiversity preservation and mass extinction Heavily impacted by climate change: 1) Ocean acidification due to excess carbonation as they absorb CO2 2) Loss of biodiversity Role of oceans in climate regulation: a) Coral bleaching + diffusivity to carbonaceous shell formation as ocean become acidic b) Marine fisheries decline as they are sensitive to temp. c) Ocean seas surface temp rising → IPCC record 0.7°C - 2°C rise in last decade. d) Marine heatwaves → frequent as global warming accelerate e) ENSO, other weather anomalies become critical & common E daily ENSO cycle f) Sea level rise → islands downing → glaciers melting → positive feedback loop creation g) Warming under 2°C ways to a) Limit warming under 2°C → Under 2 alluvance b) Net zero → E India by 2070 c) Marine protection zones d) Climate engineering activities

a) Corals bleaching + diffusivity to carbonaceous shell formation as ocean become acidic b) Marine fisheries decline as they are sensitive to temp. c) Ocean seas surface temp rising → IPCC record 0.7°C - 2°C rise in last decade. d) Marine heatwaves → frequent as global warming accelerate e) ENSO, other weather anomalies become critical & common E daily ENSO cycle f) Sea level rise → islands downing → glaciers melting → positive feedback loop creation

— ASTHA JAIN · AIR 9