Under the Public Distribution System of India, the Fair Price Shop (FPS) transformation is an evolving process. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)

The National Food Security Act 2013 made it a statutory right to get access to food and 'fair price shops' became important. Right to food and health leading to PDS India procurement by central and state agencies to FCI, NAFED. Nominal Prices under PMGAY Sewa Katyan Yojana. Access fair price shop where ration card holder can buy. FPS transformation is evolving: 1) FPS first came under the Central Sector scheme of food security in 1980. 2) Ration cards were created (White, Blue, Orange) based on poverty income level. 3) Consumer can access food grains at Nominal Price like Rs 2 for rice, Rs 3 for wheat. 4) Various states were allowed to tweak their distribution mechanism and produce they offered by keepers in Tamil Nadu. 5) NFSA Act 2013 gave it statutory status. 6) Due to corruption, diversion of ration and substandard grains being offered, reform were initiated. 7) The FPS transformed and were modernized by 'Biometric' access and Linking of ration card with Aadhaar. 8) For Migrant Workers 'ONCC' scheme was initiated and successfully implemented (One Nation One Ration Card scheme). Yet challenges remain: 1) MSP issues and FCI's induced CARP like storage, food wastage. 2) Hunger still persist → beneficiary mapping not accurate.

— Dishant Amrutlal Nisar · AIR 19