To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level. (Answer in 250 words)

BBBP (scheme was launched to address the declining sex ratio. It employs NUDGE THEORY to bring positive social influence in society. SUCCESSES: 1. As per NFHS-5 the sex ratio at birth has improved for first time in recent years beyond 1000. 2. In historically low districts of Rangama Pugne, it has increased dramatically. 3. The IMR has also declined. 4. MMR - other positive aspect.

5. Increase in education → primary and secondary level: near universal↓ ASER report (PRATHAM NTO) FAILURES/ISSUES: 1. The CAG Report highlighted out of the total budget → 75% spent on advertisement and actual spent on education → 23% should work → misuse/diversion & understanding of public funds. 2. There is 'leaky pipeline' → meaning girls include in the education initially, later gradually dropouts midway. 3. Uneven growth/improvement of sex ratio → with Haryana itself several districts still show high CHFFS-5 low sex ratio.

Measures to improve: (1) Rigorous model of SACC - recognising fatherhood through Social Behaviour Correction Programme (2) Going beyond nudging it has its limitations (3) Include & punitive measures too (4) Awareness campaign by ASHAS/ workers / Anganwadi workers (5) Casual financial incentives for girl birth child There is a need to go beyond the current mandate in BBBP - as it is a long term process. However, BBBP has emerged as a wonderful initiative.

— Kiran Kamate · AIR 53