Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them.

Multidimensional poverty, not only covers income poverty but education, health and other standard of living parameters like cooking gas, sanitation. Economic growth: i 4.2 trillion USD ii 6.5-7. growth rate in FY25 But still multidimensional poverty persists due to following reason: i Economic reasons → i job less growth - employment elasticity was 0.01 in high growth rate period of 2004-10 ii unproductive agriculture - disguised labour trapped in low income, low skill jobs (14.7) people in agriculture iii lack of land reforms - 84% households are landlord - poverty iv exigency situation like COVID - premature deindustrialization - didn't absorb people in massive low-medium skill manufacturing ii Social reason → 2.1 under developed social sector like health (80% hidden hunger in adolescent), learning poverty (ABER- over 50% class 3 students can't read class 2 text) → 2.2 gender inequality - poor must have WASH facility to girl child - discrimination like manual scavenging, caste discrimination → 2.3 social discrimination like manual scavenging, caste discrimination

iii Governance → laike indigenous poverty time - corruption in mid-day meal, Ayushman card etc. Measures taken by the government: i Address income inequality: → DBT transfer like PM-Kishan - progressive taxation - tax give more ii Social sector initiatives: → Health - PM Ayushman Bharat Yojana - to decrease out of packet expense → Education - inclusive via Samagahi Shiksha Abhiyan iii Standard of living - credit for enterprise → infrastructure - boost 11/12 saleh or Capex → cooking gas - through Ujjwala - Swachh Bharat - sanitation These measures led to 24-28 core people coming out of poverty in 2013-14 to 2022-23 (NITI Aayog).

— Pawan Kumar Pandey · AIR 138