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India always is the support of free Afghanistan shared by people of Afghanistan and administered through democratic principles. Recent development: → USA withdrawal from Afghanistan. → Afghanistan was overtaken by Taliban (Islamic extremist). → Afghanistan increasing closeness with China & Russia. In this situation, India has two option: India disengage with Afghanistan on India should engage to remain significant player in changing dynamics. Current approach is pragmatic in the sense that Afghanistan is our neighbour that we cannot change. Other countries are increasing engagement, India should be an active player. Engagement essential to protect India's investment in Afghanistan- salmadam etc and remain accessible to central Asia.

Why Not formal? - Because we oppose terrorism - We are not sure about global order. It is changing very fast. - Take time to change long stand of Indian government. Current approach: i Support Afghanistan people/keep solidarity with them, eg-humanitarian aid to Afgan. ii Dialogue- to encourage democratic process in Afghanistan. iii Diplomatic balance- open up embassy in Kabul to protect India's Interest in Afghanistan. iv Keep engaged in all Regional development so that India remain key stakeholder in regional development. 5. Long visionary Goal: - Stable South Asia - Revival of SAARC, SAFTA - Better connectivity to Central Asia - check Chinese development. Peaceful, Balanced South Asia is essential for regional peace and prosperity. India's engagement is driven by pragmatic approach.

— POOJA SONI · AIR 249