Describe the various mechanisms available for the resolution of disputes concerning the use, distribution, or control of inter-state rivers. Also, state the reasons for their limited success.

The development plans of local bodies under 243D & 243E is secondary in nature. → The Sarpanch felt system at local level prevented women leadership EG In REWA Husbands of women Sarpanch taken oath. → Lack of Skill and training for executive at Panchayat level. As per ISth Finance Commission State should provide finances to Panchayat SHGs as per property Waygovernance - Capacity building of people and employees at Panchayat level (Separate leader) Establishment of state finance commission for devolution of funds.

Article 262 of Indian Constitution provided mechanisms for resolution of river water dispute between the states. Constitution Mandate → Interstate river port union list → Water as a subject in state land Varians Water Methodisms: → Apart from Article 263 Interstate Councils Zonal Councils deliberate on river water disputes. → Differing items of lawscation of any/ECD between states → Article 136 allowed Special/Line Petition in Supreme Court → Apart from Article 263 Interstate Councils Zonal Councils deliberate on river water disputes

Colonial Demarcation of Boundaries formed on lines of Administrative care → Resulting Water demand due to urbanisation & expansion of Agriculture EG Reservoir Inter-state river water Dispute Arithmetic & Statistical division of water rather Evolved division of water Delayed establishment of Tribunal, assam & Gazettonomication EG Godavari Dispute taken more than 30 years. Reasons for limited Success of Tribunals approved leading Share it pieces not needed to compromise MM Duke no River Board Established

Way Ahead → The Recent Inter-State Riverwater Dispute Bill 2019 provided two tier mechanism for peaceful resolution of dispute. → Focus should be on watershed development & maintaining ecological-new to have large supply of water. → changes in Consumption pattern in Agriculture & Urban areas → Global model-like government need to be adopted for holistic resolution of issue As in peasant Mammohan Singh said rivers are Shared identity of us, so it should become strict within unit water river under us divide us

Article 324 of Indian Constitution provided the Election Commission of India ECI Institution of Election Commission of India for free and fair elections in media. Implementation of model code of Conduct to prevent advantage for parties in power Role of ECI in Free & fair Election → Responsibility for free and fair election in covering through Independent and non-partisan membership in its functioning. → Pinned election at state legislature and parliament. → Allow transition of government through democratic process. → Union faction of people through education & awareness.

Appointment of ECI & other ECI made by Collegium having Executive priority (within was against as funded by SC in Amar Bharataval Case) → Differing terms of lawscation of any/ECD in general & other ECI in general → Lack of mandate for deregistration at political parties to implement internal party fighting democracy. → Inefficiency in counting communalisation of politics and money are in politics. Associated Challenges in functionality of ECI → Appointment of ECI & other ECD made by Collegium having Executive priority → Lack of mandate for deregistration at political parties to implement internal party fighting democracy. → Inefficiency in counting communalisation of politics, control on Eleatered funds of India, by provided by former ECI

Institutional Autonomy → By enacting to SC ruling in Amar Bharataval Case for neutral appointment → charges Jesus on un-solicited facts of India's Electoral Reforms like Decriminalization of politics, control on Eleatered funds of India, by provided by former ECI As Supreme court in India Gram vs Bhagwani Case said that free and fair & election a part of basic structure in this regards fencing of ECI is sentinel of democracy.

— PANKAJ SONI · AIR 130