India-Russia relations: Challenges and strategic considerations

Currently under the special and Privileged strategic partnership, Russia has been an 'all weather' friend of India. Multipolar world, Changing Geopolitical landscape: [Diagram shows interconnected elements] Bridges: Russia-Ukraine war, Russia - Nationalism Ineffective UN, Resurgent Nationalism CHALLENGES TO INDIA-RUSSIA RELATIONS i Economic: i) Limited scope of trade diversification. ii) Russian focus on downgrading economy - further reduce Indian exports. iii) High reliance on China. iv) Sanctions on Russia and tariffs on India by USA - impact trade relations. ii Strategic: i) Russia-China proximity, arise with suspicion in India. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants - Forced to fight frontline battles. iii) Russia-Pakistan Defence tables - pivot of corridor consideration. iii Political: i) Russia - dragged out war with Ukraine. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants - Forced to fight frontline battles. However, despite issues, Indian-Russia relations remain resilient: i Economic: i) Biggest crude oil supplies by India. ii) India's pledge in for development of Russia's Far East. iii) Connectivity: a) Chennai-Vladivostok. b) Northern Sea route.

However, despite issues, Indian-Russia relations remain resilient: i Economic: i) Biggest crude oil supplies by India. ii) India's pledge in for development of Russia's Far East. iii) Connectivity: a) Chennai-Vladivostol. b) Northern Sea route. ii Strategic: i) Russia-China proximity, arrange with suspicion in India. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants - Forced to fight frontline battles. iii) Russia-Pakistan Defence tables - pivot of corridor consideration. iii Political: i) Russia - dragged out war with Ukraine. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants - Forced to fight frontline battles. However, despite issues, Indian-Russia relations remain resilient: i Economic: i) Biggest crude oil supplies by India. ii) India's pledge in for development of Russia's Far East. iii) Connectivity: a) Chennai-Vladivostol - trade b) Northern Sea route. ii Strategic: i) Russia - China proximity arrange with suspicion in India. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants - Forced to fight frontline battles. iii) Russia-Pakistan Defence tables - pivot of corridor consideration. iii Political: i) Russia - dragged out war with Ukraine. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants - Forced to fight frontline battles. However, despite issues, Indian-Russia relations remain resilient: i Economic: i) Biggest crude oil supplies by India. ii) India's pledge in for development of Russia's Far East. iii) Connectivity: a) Chennai-Vladivostol b) Northern Sea route.

Currently under the special and Privileged strategic partnership, Russia has been an 'all weather' friend of India. Multipolar world, Changing Geopolitical landscape: [Diagram showing geopolitical factors] CHALLENGES TO INDIA-RUSSIA RELATIONS i Economic: i) Limited scope of trade diversification. ii) Russian focus on downgrading economy → further reduce Indian exports. iii) High reliance on China. iv) Sanctions on Russia and tariffs on India by USA → impact trade relations ii Strategic: i) Russia-China proximity arrange with suspicion in India. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants → Forced to fight frontline battles. iii) Russia-Pakistan Defence tables - pivot of corridor consideration. iii Political: i) Russia - dragged out war with Ukraine. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants → Forced to fight frontline battles. However, despite issues, Indian-Russia relations remain resilient: i Economic: i) Biggest crude oil supplies by India. ii) India's pledge in for development of Russia's Far East. iii) Connectivity: a) Chennai-Vladivostol b) Northern Sea route.

i Economic: i) Limited scope of trade diversification. ii) Russian focus on downgrading economy - further reduce Indian exports. iii) High reliance on China. iv) Sanctions on Russia and tariffs on India by USA - impact trade relations. ii Strategic: i) Russia-China proximity arrange with suspicion in India. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants - Forced to fight frontline battles. iii) Russia-Pakistan Defence tables - pivot of corridor consideration. iii Political: i) Russia - dragged out war with Ukraine. ii) Issue with Indian immigrants - Forced to fight frontline battles. However, despite issues, Indian-Russia relations remain resilient: i Economic: i) Biggest crude oil supplies by India. ii) India's pledge in for development of Russia's Far East. iii) Connectivity: a) Chennai-Vladivostol b) Northern Sea route. India needs to found on synergistic complementarities with members of exit organizations to fulfill the strategic autonomy goals and maintain a rule based order on lines of LICs → Connectivity, Connectivity, Contact and Capacity Enhancement.

— Japleen Kaur · AIR 388