Departments, Boards and commissions as forms of organization are similar in the context of accountability and responsibility. Analyse

Different forms of organisations emerged due to demand from environment in which public organisations work.

In welfare era - Department emerged. They are specific support of large organisation, with specific functions. It act as a arm of the parent organisation. For example - Fishery department of Ministry of Armed.

During market, NPMera - as the department type of organisation did not suffice the need of competition, royal adoption etc. New type of organisation like public boards, commissions emerged. These are bodies where authority & responsibility is

spread plurally & not under a single individual. for example - National Board for wild life & National water commission.

These type of organisation are dissimilar in context of accountability:

Department: They are under direct, continous & close control & accountability of higher organisation. They're accountable for its task of execution of the goal of organisation.

Board & commission: They have some form of autonomy & not strictly accountable like department. They are like subsidiary offices & not under direct hierarchal like department. They're generally accountable for its long term fixtures. (5) Planning commission shall abolish all or separate failure to administered.

In case of responsibility, they're dissimilar because:

Department → Responsibility: to execute planned policy by pursuit organisation, aim at public goods & services provided. For example - Indian Railways to provide mineral transport by laying tracks, mutually folly, etc.

Board / Commission → These are diverse such as executive Boards like Rail Board, Advisory Board - NAWL, etc. Hence responsibility as defined by it form generally are advisory & regularity in nature to keep every execution in public interest.

About from this, following are the other differences:

Departments vs Board/Commission:

Have to go through | → Not necessary audit by CAG | they fall under department constitution or executive action.

Accountable to parliament via ministry | → Formed via act, constitution or executive action.

— GAURAV PRATAP SINGH · AIR 317