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VIVEK SINGHAIR 276· 2025

Question Q.16GS1GS1

The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?

Open scan (p.38)

Introduction

According to FAO, world could see reduction in agricultural and fisheries productivity by 30% by 2050 if climate change continued at this pace.

23 words

Main Body

Ocean pollution, Indian Ocean 0.9°C rise in temperature, climate change, shipping pollution, marine heat waves, ENSO, dipolar effect. Effect on food security of India: (1) Fisheries/Aqua production: reduced by 20% with 2°C increase (FAO) (2) India 2nd largest fisheries producer (3) Effect on Monsoon: this can hamper food grains production, disrupting monsoon cycle when 50% of agriculture is rainfed (4) Increasing Drought spasm: High pressure belt over Indian ocean leads to El-NINO situation => reduced rainfall (5) Heat waves frequency: (1900-2000) saw 27% in cases in heatwaves frequency (IMD) => crop failure (6) Pest Attacks: like locusts attack due to increased temperature and humidity (7) Post-harvest losses: due to increased temperature perishability, will decrease (already 20% losses) => NITI Aayog (8) Increased cyclones @ Amphau in Gujarat (37%): in case of cyclones in Arabian sea in last 25 years => (IMO) => destruction of crops and livelihood.

— VIVEK SINGH · AIR 276

147 words1 paragraphs

Conclusion

Now, we need to mitigate these effects and adapt to make our agriculture climate resilient. Way forward: (1) Mitigating climate change through green technology, EWSDT (2) Behavioral change: LIFE Moyt (3) Climate resilient seeds for food crops like HYV seeds (4) Diversification of food basket (eg: inclusion of Milleta) (5) Acqua-culture strategy: Hydro-phonics, acquaponics, et (6) International collaboration for technology and finance transfer (eg: GEF of UNFCCC). India still has 23 core multidimensionally poor people and 15.7% of mal-nutrition, over and above this food insecurity is lost they India wants.

90 words

Diagram

Flow diagram showing Indian Ocean 0.9°C rise in temperature and its effects through ENSO, including connections to climate change, shipping pollution, marine heat waves, and dipolar effect

Answer continues on next page
  • Comprehensive coverage of multiple impacts on food security
  • Use of official data and statistics (FAO, IMD, NITI Aayog)
  • Clear cause-and-effect relationships
  • Includes mitigation strategies and way forward
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Topper

VIVEK SINGH

AIR 2762025

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Important Geophysical Phenomena and their effects

Ocean Warming and Climate Change

Indian Ocean warming and food security implications

Writing Stats

260

Total words

1

Paragraphs

Academic and analytical

Tone

Linked PYQ

With multipronged strategy of the Central and State Governments specially in the last few years, the naxalite problem has been resolved to a large extent in the affected states of the country. However, there are a few pockets in certain states where naxalite problem still persists, mainly due to involvement of foreign countries. Rohit is posted as SP (Special Operations) for the last one year, in one of the districts which is still affected by the naxalite problem. The district administration has taken a lot of developmental works in the recent past in the naxalite affected areas to win the hearts and minds of the people. Over a period of time, Rohit has established an excellent intelligence network to get the real time information regarding the movement of naxalite cadre. To instill confidence in the public and have moral ascendancy over the naxalites, a number of cordons and search operations are being conducted by the police. Rohit, who himself was leading one of the contingents got a message though his intelligence source that about ten hard core naxalites were hiding in a particular village with sophisticated weapons. Without wasting any time, Rohit reached the target village with his team and laid out a foolproof cordon and started carrying out a systematic search. During the search, his team managed to overpower all the naxalites along with their automatic weapons. However, in the meantime, more than five hundred tribal women surrounded the village and started marching towards the target house. They were shouting and demanding the immediate release of insurgents since they are their protectors and saviours. The situation on the ground was becoming very critical as the tribal women were extremely agitated and aggressive. Rohit tried to contact his superior officer, IG (Special Operations) of the state on the radio set and on mobile phone, but failed to do so due to poor connectivity Rohit was in great dilemma since out of the naxalites apprehended, two were not only hard core top insurgents with prize money of & ten lakhs on their heads, but were also involved in a recent ambush on the security forces. However, if he did not release the naxalites, the situation could get out of control since the tribal women were aggressively charging towards them. In that case, to control the situation Rohit might have to resort to firing which may lead to valuable loss of lives _of civilians and would further complicate the situation. (a)What are the options available with Rohit to cope with the situation? (b)What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rohit ? (c)Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Rohit to adopt and why? (d)In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the police in dealing with women protesters?

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