Question Q11GS1GS1

Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the causes for their limited success. (15 marks, 250 words)

Introduction

The British policies in India were characterized by a systematic destruction of tribal life, livelihood and culture. As a result, many tribals revolted.

23 words

Main Body

Reasons behind the tribal unrest:

1British forest policies like the Indian Charter for Forests (1865), Act of 1865 and Forest Act of 1927 restricted tribal access to forest land which was crucial for their lifestyle

2The advent and expansion of railways in 1853 forced many tribals to relocate and led to large scale destruction/deforest - tion of their forests

3The British government preferred a settled population which could be easily monitored and taxed. As a result, many tribals were either killed or forcibly converted into agriculturalists

Ex - Paikas → Santhals

4The British also interfered with tribal culture and way of life, leading to unrest

Ex - Dihaltan by Bisia Munda

5In many instances the British refused to acknowledge the rights of tribals & did not do much to check their exploitation by money lenders or [illegible]

Ex - Santhal revolt for demand of a separate pricing

Reasons for limited success:

Tribal revolts and uprisings were often short-lived and unsuccessful because:

Most of the revolts were sporadic and not well-organised

They were very leader centric - once the leader was captured, it fell apart

Ex: Bisia Munda led Kol revolt

Tribals mostly fought with primitive arms while there was no match for superior English arms

The uprisings did not have a clear goal or ideology as to being violent when it would be done if it could be easily crushed by the British.

In spite of the limited success, the uprisings were useful in inspiring tribals to revolt & establish their ideal tribe.

— Ritika Rath · AIR 48

263 words16 paragraphs

Clear categorization of reasons
Uses specific legislative acts
Names specific tribal leaders and revolts

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Topper

Ritika Rath

AIR 48

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country

Tribal Movements and Unrest

British Policies and Tribal Revolts

Writing Stats

286

Total words

Paragraphs

analytical

Tone

Linked PYQ

2. अधोनिर्दिष्टानां विषयाणां सारगर्भितां समीक्षां कुरुत — 15+15+20=50 2.(a) ईशावास्योपनिषदि प्रतिपादितं विद्याविद्ययोः स्वरूपं विवेचनीयम् । 15 2.(b) कौटिलीयार्थशास्त्रस्य साम्प्रतिकम् उपादेयत्वं वर्ण्यताम् । 15 2.(c) गीतायां प्रतिपादितं निष्कामकर्मयोगं वर्णयत । 20

50M2020कुरुत