Question Q.17GS1GS1

The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India. (Answer in 250 words) 15 Marks

Introduction

Below normal monsoon distribution has a disproportionate impact on Indian economy, governing food security, inflation, etc. Hence it is crucial to understand monsoon and the various climate factors that impact it.

31 words

Main Body

Oceanic factors:

1. South-west monsoon winds, crossing of ITCZ → reverses of winds → place to differential rate of land and ocean cooling

2. EL-NINO (ENSO) → El-nino (every 1-4 year) leads to reversal of swallies call, leads to drying below windy rains; la-nina strengthens walker cell

3. Bi-NINO/la-nina/Madhabi → western Pacific in Central Equatic → Uncooking in impact and distribution

4. Indian Ocean Dipole → temperature difference between western and eastern Indian ocean; Positive phase: higher rainfall; negative phase: lower rainfall

5. Ocean depression → inject intensity of rain → low pressure region

Atmospheric factors:

1. Seasonality → Role of [General] jetstream and contemporary jetstream; [Displaced jetstream in] opens up

2. [Hadden] cluster oscillating → periodic movement of clouds over bay of bengal

3. [Coastal] line-seasonal summer oscillating → periodic movement of clouds over bay of bengal

4. North East Branch of south-west monsoon (Bay of Bengal branch) → leads to early rainfall in North-Gulf

5. Withdrawal of monsoon winds → due to upper atmospheric dynamics in Midwest → due to orography, vegetation cover, etc.

Oceanic factors (continued):

3. Li-nino/la-nina/Madhabi → western Pacific in Central Equatic → Uncooking in impact and distribution

4. Indian Ocean Dipole → temperature difference between western and eastern Indian ocean; Positive phase: higher rainfall; negative phase: lower rainfall

5. Ocean depression → inject intensity of rain → low pressure region

Atmospheric factors:

1. Seasonality → Role of General jetstream and contemporary jetstream; Displaced jetstream in opens up

2. Hadden cluster oscillating → periodic movement of clouds over bay of bengal

3. Coastal line-seasonal summer oscillating → periodic movement of clouds over bay of bengal

4. North East Branch of south-west monsoon (Bay of Bengal branch) → leads to early rainfall in North-Gulf

5. Withdrawal of monsoon winds → due to upper atmospheric dynamics in Midwest → due to orography, vegetation cover, etc. Until standing team to climate change

— Kush Motwani · AIR 11

314 words3 paragraphs

Answer continues on next page

Identifies both oceanic and atmospheric factors clearly
References specific phenomena like El-Nino, La-Nina, IOD
Links monsoon to economic impacts
Mentions both positive and negative phases of IOD

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Kush Motwani

AIR 11

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Important Geophysical Phenomena

Monsoon and climate systems

Oceanic and atmospheric factors in monsoon distribution

Writing Stats

345

Total words

Paragraphs

analytical

Tone

Linked PYQ

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