Feminist movements in India have historically lacked inclusivity, often growing within a limited Western upper-class psyche. Critically discuss. (Answer in 250 words)

While women had the Right to vote, there was

low representation → Dowry Deaths

low labour force participation → Rapes

Domestic violence

low health indicator

low education

Lacked inclusivity as :-

-i- Reactive in Nature

eg The 'Forum Against Rape' was established only after Mathura

rape case tragedy .

-ii- Led by elites and intellectuals

eg Prof Upendra Baxi's articles in newspapers

-iii- Women are not a homogeneous group as held by bell hooks

eg Tribal women, lower caste, poor women were excluded

-iv- Western psyche: The Right to Vote was considered sufficient as per the First wave of feminism.

eg Sarojini Naidu was against reservation of women as political equality would ensure representation

-v- Lacked any charter of demand

Even baby, feminist movement are limited as

-i- CAG highlighted more than 50% Nirbhaya not whired

-ii- Reactive bureaucracy

eg Hyderabad rape care

-iii- Role of Caste: Kathua rape case shows glazing strain vein

-iv- Bilski Bano's convert released led to controversy but no united front

-iv- Lack of constitutional status for National commission of women

Marital rape issue → NFHSZ: 57% women are anaemic

Present Status:

low GFR in higher education

↓ LPFR is lower at 28%

↓ More only women are only

Yet the feminist movement reiterated a revolution for the dawn of an era of equality. As per BR Ambedkar, 'The progress of a country can be judged by the status of its women'

To fulfil 'Pancil Pran' of gender equality we need feminists make Financial demand → Budget Social political Researvation

— Ishitha Kishore · AIR 1