Provide an account of the issues that led to a crisis in Punjab in the 1980s. Also, discuss the roadmap to peace that was eventually adopted. (250 words) 15

Issues/Causes of 1980s crisis:

1. Feeling of imposition of Hindu culture and Hindi language upon Sikh community. eg: Demand for Sikh state i.e Punjab with Punjabi as language.

2. Loss of fertile land during partition along with economical crisis of 1970s created sense of relative deprivation.

3. Appeasement of extremist leaders by Akali Dal as well as Indian National Congress. eg: Bhindranwale

4. Cross border financing and training from Pakistan → Armed struggle

5. Rise of secessionist demands as there was no visible opposition i.e appeasement to earlier demands. eg: low Law and Order Presence

Eventually, these events culminated in violence in Punjab resulting in death of 1000s.

To put and end to extremism, the then PM Indira Gandhi ordered 'Operation Blue Star'.

Road to Peace:

1. Creation of Punjab

2. Negotiations with Akali Dal which led to Gandhi-Longowal Accord.

3. Surrendering by remaining extremists.

4. Economic prosperity due to green revolution.

— Hrishikesh Alare · AIR 61