HL

Harsh LodhaAIR 261· 2023

Question Q19Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.GS1GS1

Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.

Open scan (p.46)

Introduction

As per composite water management index of NITI Aayog, the groundwater availability in urban areas reduced from 443.6 cm to 395.6 cm.

22 words

Main Body

Factors contributing to water woes:

(A) Poor urban planning

1Concretization and thus low water absorption
2Urban Heat Island effect
3Urban Dome effect

(B) Huge urban population & high migration

1Stress of water resources

(C) Increased slums

11.7% of urban population live in slums.

(D) Low expenditure on urban infrastructure

1India only spends 1.8 on it whereas China spends 11.4 per capin

(E) Poor wastewater harvesting and other storage mechanisms.

Complexities in comprehensive water management plan:

1Water is state subject under 7th schedule and thus single uniform policy difficult.
2Different functional issues of different cities so comprehensive one

Size fit all plan not required too.

Topography of cities:

Over crowding in Mumbai 2 slums
Over water diversion in Kolkata
Poor water management in Chennai
Concretization in Bangalore
3Different geographical challenges & topographical issues of cities.

— Harsh Lodha · AIR 261

147 words10 paragraphs4 bullet points

Conclusion

Need of the hour is total water conservation to better achieve SDG11 on urbanization

14 words

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Topper

Harsh Lodha

AIR 2612023

Subject & Paper

GS1GS1

Topic

Indian Geography

Water Resources and Urban Issues

Water Scarcity in Urban Areas

Writing Stats

183

Total words

10

Paragraphs

4

Bullets

Linked PYQ

As a senior officer in the Ministry, you have access to important policy decisions and upcoming big announcements such as road construction projects before they are notified in the public domain. The Ministry is about to announce a mega road project for which the drawings are already in place. Sufficient care was taken by the planners to make use of the government land with the minimum land acquisition from private parties. The compensation rate for private parties was also finalized as per government rules. Care was also taken to minimize deforestation. Once the project is announced, it is expected that there will be a huge spurt in real estate prices in and around that area. Meanwhile, the Minister concerned insists that you realign the road in such a way that it comes closer to his 20-acre farmhouse. He also suggests that he would facilitate the purchase of a big plot of land in your wife’s name at the prevailing rate which is very nominal, in and around the proposed mega road project. He also tries to convince you by saying that there is no harm in it as he is buying the land legally. He even promises to supplement your savings in case you do not have sufficient funds to buy the land. However, by the act of realignment, a lot of agricultural lands has to be acquired, thereby causing a considerable financial burden on the government, and also the displacement of the farmers. As if this is not enough, it will involve cutting down of a large number of trees denuding the area of its green cover. Faced with this situation, what will you do? Critically examine various conflicts of interest and explain what your responsibilities are as a public servant.

20M2018Critically examine